3.2 水能及水资源利用 Water power and water resources utilization

（1）水能利用 Waterpower utilization

水能 waterpower，hydropower

水能资源（水力资源） waterpower resources，hydropower resources

水电蕴藏量 hydropower potential

理论蕴藏量 theoretical potential

可开发蕴藏量 exploitable potential

水能利用规划 waterpower utilization planning

设计保证率 design dependability

设计水平年 design time horizon

水能计算 hydroenergy computation

旱季 dry season

雨季 rainy season，wet season

枯水期 low-flow period

丰水期 high-flow period

反调节 re-regulation

调节周期 period of regulation

日调节 daily regulation

周调节 weekly regulation

年调节 yearly regulation，annual regulation

多年调节 overyear regulation，carryover regulation

调节流量 regulated flow

调节系数 regulation coefficient

水库起调水位 initial reservoir elevation

库水位年周期变化 annual periodic fluctuation of reservoir level

消落深度 drawdown

水库特征库容 characteristic capacities of reservoir

楔形库容 wedge storage

静库容 stilling storage

动库容 dynamical storage

总库容 gross reservoir capacity

防洪库容 flood control storage

调洪库容 flood regulation storage

兴利库容，有效库容 effective storage，live storage

共用库容，重复利用库容 common storage，shared storage

超高库容 surcharge storage

死库容 inactive storage，dead storage

防洪专用库容上限 top of exclusive flood control capacity

有效蓄水库容上限 top of active conservation capacity

非有效库容上限 top of inactive capacity

库容分配 storage allocation

库容系数 coefficient of storage

水库保证出水量 safe reservoir yield

水头 water head

毛水头 gross head

净水头 net head

设计水头 design head

平均水头 average head

加权平均水头 weighted average head

额定水头 rated head

水电站引用流量 power discharge

机组过水能力 turbine discharge

发电 power generation

装机容量 installed capacity

发电量 energy output

出力 output

保证出力 firm output

预想出力 expected output

技术最小出力 minimum output

出力系数 coefficient of output

可靠电能 firm energy

季节性电能 seasonal energy

多年平均年发电量 average annual energy output

装机容量年利用小时数 annual utilization hours of installed capacity

多年平均流量 long-period average flow预测长期流量 long-term prediction flow

可靠流量 dependable flow

可用流量 available flow

常年基流 perennial base flow

径流调节 runoff regulation

洪水调节 flood regulation

枯水调节 low flow regulation

水能计算 hydropower computation

补偿调节 compensative regulation

电源组成 constitution of power sources

电力电量平衡 balance of power and energy

负荷特性 load characteristics

能量指标 energy indexes

负荷曲线 load curve

峰荷 peak load

基荷 base load

腰荷 medial load

日平均负荷率（日负荷系数） average daily load factor

电力系统容量 installed capacity of power system

电力系统备用容量 reserve capacity of power sys tem

电力系统动态备用容量 spinning reserve of power system

工作容量 working capacity

负荷备用容量 standby capacity

事故备用容量 reserve capacity for emergency

空闲容量 idle capacity

重复容量 duplicate capacity

受阻容量 restricted capacity

可调容量 adjustable capacity

水库调节 reservoir regulation

水库群调节 multi-reservoir regulation

水库调洪 reservoir flood routing

水库调度 reservoir scheduling

防洪限制线 guide curve for flood control

上基本调配线，保证供水线 upper critical guide curve

下基本调配线，限制出力线 lower critical guide curve

防弃水线 guide curve for reducing abandoned water

水库库容面积曲线 reservoir storage capacity-area curve

水头保证率曲线 head dependability curve

厂房尾水水位-流量关系曲线 powerhouse tail water rating curve

出力保证率曲线和电量累积曲线 output dependability curve and cumulative power curve

（2）水资源开发利用

Water resources development and utilization

水资源 water resources

水利区划 zoning of water conservancy

水资源分区 water resources regionalization

水资源规划 water resources planning

水资源分配 water resources allocation

地下水资源 groundwater resources

水平年 target year

水资源供需分析 demand and supply analysis of water resources

水资源保护 water resources protection

水资源危机 water resources crises

水资源评价 water resources assessment

水资源决策支持系统 water resources decision support system

水利计算 computation of water conservancy

径流调节 runoff regulation

承压水 artesian water（confined water）

潜水蒸发 phreatic water evaporation

地下水矿化度 mineralization of groundwater

降雨入渗补给 infiltration recharge by rainfall

地下水越层补给 recharge through weak permeable layer

地下水侧向补给 recharge by groundwater

灌溉回归水补给 recharge from return flow of irrigation

地下水人工补给 artificial recharge of groundwater

抽咸换淡 pump out the saline water and recharge the fresh water

地下水动态 groundwater regime

地下水开采 groundwater exhaustion

地下水下降漏斗 exhaustion cone of groundwater

地下水超量开采 excessive exhaustion of groundwater

地下水降深 drawdown of groundwater

自由孔隙率，贮水度 free porosity

水资源项目（水利项目） water resources project

综合利用规划 multipurpose planning

单一目的项目 single-purpose project

综合利用工程 multi-purpose project

水库综合开发利用 multipurpose development of reservoir

跨流域引水工程 trans-basin diversion project

跨流域调水 trans-basin water transfer

分期开发 staged development

供水 water supply

分层取水 water-taking at different levels

有坝取水 intake with dam

生活用水 domestic water

工业用水 industrial water

供水保证率 water supply dependability

回归水的重复使用 reuse of return flows

工程效益 project benefits

效益分摊 amortization of benefits

发电效益 power generation benefit

容量效益 capacity benefit

能量效益 energy benefit

供水效益 water supply benefit

灌溉效益 irrigation benefit

休闲效益 recreation benefit

防洪效益 flood control benefit

航运效益 navigation benefit

防洪规划 flood control planning

洪水 flood

季节性洪水 seasonal flood

汛期 flood season

防洪标准 flood control standard

洪水保险 flood insurance

河道安全泄量 safety discharge in river

淹没损失 flood damage

历史洪水灾害 historical flood damage

难确定的（无形）洪水灾害 intangible flood damage

洪水之前降低库水位 pre-flood drawdown

保证水位 highest safety stage

警戒水位 warning stage

分洪水位 flood diversion stage

防洪措施 Flood control measure

工程措施，结构措施 structural measure

非工程措施 non-structural measure

分洪工程 flood diversion works

分洪道 flood way

分洪区 flood diversion area

滞洪区 flood detention area

洪泛区 flood plain

行洪区 flood flowing zone

防洪水库 flood control reservoir

蓄洪垦殖 flood storage and reclamation

防洪对象 protected objects against flood

度汛方案 flood protection scheme

防洪堤 flood dyke

防洪墙 flood wall

航运 navigation

航道及运河 waterway and canal

主航道 main waterway

副航道 sub-waterway

渠化航道 channelized waterway

运河 canal

船闸 shiplock

船队 ship fleet

航道规划 waterway planning

通航标准 navigation standard

航道等级 grade of waterway

通航期 navigation period

航道通过能力 navigation capacity

通航密度 navigation density

通航保证率 navigation dependability

航道整治线 regulation line of waterway

航道设计水位 design stage of waterway

最高通航水位 maximum stage of waterway

通航水深 navigation depth

通航流量 navigation discharge

通航流速 navigation velocity

航道弯曲半径 curvature radius of waterway

通航净空 navigation clearance

航道断面系数 cross section factor of waterway

土壤水 soil water

土壤含水量（含水率） soil moisture content

土壤饱和含水量 saturated moisture content of soil

土壤蒸发量 soil evaporation

作物需水量 water demand of crop

田间需水量 water consumption on farmland

耗水强度 intensity of water consumption

需水模数 modulus of water demand

灌溉定额 irrigation duty

灌溉用水量 irrigation water consumption

设计灌水周期 designed interval of irrigation

灌溉制度 irrigation program

灌溉保证率 dependability of irrigation

灌溉典型年 typical design year for irrigation

泡田 steeping field

泡田定额 duty of steeping field

灌溉水源 water source for irrigation

引水灌溉 water diversion irrigation

蓄水灌溉 water storage irrigation

提水灌溉 pumping irrigation

自流灌溉 gravity irrigation

间歇灌溉 intermittent irrigation

串灌串排 irrigation and drainage from one field to another

灌区 irrigation area

灌溉系统 irrigation system

蓄引提结合灌溉系统 irrigation system with water storage，diversion and pumping facilities

渠系规划 planning of canal system

灌溉渠道 irrigation canal

总干渠 trunk channel

输水渠道 water conveyance canal

配水渠道 water distribution canal

退水渠 canal for water release

塘堰 pond

渠道毛流量 gross discharge in canal

渠道净流量 net discharge in canal

渠道输水损失 water conveyance loss in canal

渠道过水能力 carrying capacity of canal

渠道坡降 gradient of canal

渠床糙率 roughness of canal bed

渠道断面宽深比 ratio of bottom width to water depth in canal

渠道允许不冲流速 permissible unscouring velocity in canal

渠道允许不淤流速 permissible unsilting velocity in canal

渠道冲淤平衡 balance of scouring and silting in canal

农田排水 farmland drainage

排水不良 impeded drainage

涝 surface waterlogging

渍 subsurface waterlogging