2.5 天然建筑材料与岩土试验 Natural construction material and geotechnical test

(1)天然土石材料 Natural rock and earth materials

石料 rock material

土料 earth(soil)material

风化土料 weathered soil

碎石,岩屑 debris

团粒状土 crumbling soil

砂砾石 sand and gravel

分散性土 dispersive soil

骨料 aggregate

天然骨料 natural aggregate

针状颗粒 needle-shaped particle

片状颗粒 flake-shaped particle

软弱颗粒 soft particle

颗粒分析 grading analysis,particle size analysis

颗粒尺寸 grain (particle)size

颗粒大小分布曲线 particle size distribution curve

颗粒大小频率图 grain size frequency diagram

颗分曲线 gradation curve

细度模数 fineness modulus(FM)

粒度模数 grain modulus(GM)

曲率系数 coefficient of curvature

表观密度 apparent density

堆积密度 bulk density

采石场 quarry

土料场 borrow area

有用层 available layer,useful layer

无用层 unavailable layer,unuseful layer

剥离层 stripping layer

剥离量 stripped volume

剥采比 stripping ratio

平均厚度法 average thickness method

平行断面法 parallel section method

三角形法 triangular method

初查 preliminary investigation

详查 detailed investigation

(2)现场试验 Field test

现场调查 field investigation,site survey

原位试验 in-situ test

现场检验 in-situ inspection

现场监测 field(in-situ)monitoring

岩体原位测试 in-situ measurement of rock mass

地应力测试 geostress measurement

应力解除法 stress relief method

应力恢复法 stress restoration method

应力路径 stress path

有效应力路径 effective stress path

反复荷载 repetitive load

分级加荷 stage loading

扁千斤顶试验 flat jack test

狭缝法,刻槽法 narrow slot method

水压致裂法 hydraulic fracturing method

尺寸效应 scale effect

时间效应 time effect

标准贯入试验 standard penetration test(SPT)

圆锥贯入试验 cone penetration test(CPT)

标准贯入试验击数 SPT blow count

动力触探试验 dynamic cone penetration test

静力触探试验 static cone penetration test

比贯入阻力 specific penetration resistance

旁压试验 pressure-meter test(PMT)

平板载荷试验 plate bearing test

十字板剪切试验 vane shear test

普氏击实试验 Proctor compaction test

点荷载试验 point-loading test

回弹仪测试 rebond hammar test

孔隙压力消散试验 test of pore pressure dissipation

直剪试验 direct shear test

承压板试验 bearing plate test

抗剪试验 shear tests

快剪试验 quick shear test

慢剪试验 slow shear test

三轴剪试验 triaxial shear test,triaxial compression test

周期加荷三轴试验 cyclic triaxial test

动三轴试验 dynamic triaxial test

共振柱试验 resonant column test

固结试验 consolidation test

固结排水剪试验 consolidated drained shear test(CD)

固结不排水剪试验 consolidated undrained shear test(CU)

不固结不排水剪试验 unconsolidated undrained shear test(UU)

固结排水三轴试验 consolidated drained triaxial test

固结不排水三轴试验 consolidated undrained triaxial test

等速加荷固结试验 consolidation test under constant loading rate

等应变率固结试验 consolidation test under constant rate of strain

控制比降固结试验 consolidation test under controlled gradient

固结比 consolidation ratio

固结曲线 consolidation curve

固结压力 consolidation pressure

崩解试验 slake test,disintegration test

膨胀试验 expansion test,swelling test

阿太堡试验(土的界限含水量试验) Atterberg test

含水率试验 water content test

烘干法 drying method

酒精燃烧法 alcohol burning method

炒干法 fried dry method

密度试验 density test

蜡封法 wax-sealing method

比重试验 specific gravity test

比重瓶法 pycnometer method

浮称法 buoyancy method

虹吸筒法 siphon cylinder method

颗粒分析试验 grain size analysis test

筛析法 test sieving method

密度计法 densimeter method

移液管法 pipette method

界限含水率试验 side water content test

湿化试验 slaking test

收缩试验 shrinkage test

击实试验 compaction test

钻孔试样 borehole sample

岩芯试样 core sample

有闭合节理的试样 specimen with healed joints

固定式活塞取样器 fixed-piston sampler

环刀 cutting ring

环刀取样器 ring sampler

(3)试验室试验 Laboratory test

平行试验 parallel test

验证试验 proof test

布氏(硬度)试验 Brinell test

恰贝冲击试验 Charpy test

标准击实试验 standard compaction test(SCT)

物理力学性试验 physical and mechanical property test

物理化学分离制备法 physical and chemical separation method

湿研磨分离制备法 wet-grind separation method

有机质试验 organic matter test

烧失量试验 ignition loss test

游离氧化铁试验 free iron oxide test

阳离子交换量试验 cation exchange capability test

比表面积试验 specific surface area test

薄膜加热试验 thin-film oven test

坩埚 crucible

古氏坩埚 Gooch crucible

烧杯 beaker

锥形烧瓶 Erlenmeyer flask

比重瓶(密度瓶) pycnometer

克利夫兰开口杯 Cleveland open cup

隔离剂 release agent

环球法 ring-and-ball apparatus

碱溶法 acid diffusion

针入度仪 penetrometer

延度仪 ductilimeter

恒温水槽 thermostatic water bath

回馏 reflux distillation

重复性试验 repeatability test

再现性试验 reproducibility test

平行试验 comparative test

平行测定 parallel measure

抽检试验 random test

土样分析 soil sample analysis

颗粒组成 grain composition

颗粒结构 grain structure

颗粒比表面 specific grain surface

颗粒间空隙 intergranular space

颗粒胶结 granular cementation

取样 sampling

试样 sample,specimen

原状土样 undisturbed soil sample

袋装扰动土样 disturbed bag sample

完整试样 intact specimen

蜡封试样 wax-sealed sample

风干试样 air-dried sample

扰动土样,非原状土样 disturbed soil sample

渥太华砂 Ottawa sand

四分法 quartering method

圆柱体试样 cylinder specimen

同组试样 companion specimen

有侧限试样 laterally confined specimen

保留样品 retention of sample

筛余量 sample retained on sieve

量程 range

刻度 division

仪器最小刻度 graduated in divisions,less and accurate to within

精确到[仪器读数] reading to

精准至[计算结果] accurate to,to the nearest

精确到±X%以内 accurate to within plus or minus X percent

精确到小数点第X位 accurate to the X-th decimal place

标准值,特征值 characteristic value

平均值 mean value

大值平均值 average of the higher half values

小值平均值 average of the lower half values

加权平均值 weighted average

修正值 corrected value

修正系数 coefficient of correction

方差 variance

标准偏差 standard deviation

均值系数 coefficient of mean value

离差系数 coefficient of skew

变异系数 coefficient of variation

名义值 nominal value

分位数 quantile,fractile