第一章 听力理解应试技巧

一、题型分析

《高等学校英语应用能力考试大纲》(以下简称《大纲》)规定:听力理解是测试考生理解所听对话、会话和简单短文的能力,听力材料的语速为每分钟120词。本部分的分数比例占总分的12%,测试时间为12分钟,对话、会话和短文以日常生活和交际中的实用性内容为主,词汇限于《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》(以下简称《基本要求》)词汇表的范围。

2014年12月开始,英语应用能力听力考试只为选择模式。选择模式包括Section A对话和Section B段落理解两种题型,要求对所听材料进行快速理解分析,做出合理选择,选出问题所对应的相关选项。

历年考题都把对话设置在听力理解的第一部分(Section A),并采用灵活多变的方式考查学生日常生活中的信息接收能力和快速判断能力,听完一遍对话后要在15~20秒内读完四个选项并做出合理选择。Section A包括5~10道题,每题由一组对话及一个提问组成。

对话部分常包括下列题型:

1.计算题

该题型要求考生对所听到的数字进行运算,并得出一个新的重要信息。该题型解题关键在于听清两个已知数字的关系并采用正确的算法。对于高校学生来说,口头速算是小学阶段就已经解决了的问题,但用英文表达出来的数字信息听起来就有一定的难度。这类计算题通常有价格计算、时间计算等。

[例1]You will hear:

W:What is the time by your watch?

M:Eight fifty three,but my watch is ten minutes slow.

Q:What is the exact time now?

You will read:

A) 8:53 B) 8:57 C) 9:00 D) 9:03

本题关键在于“ten minutes slow”,因此D)为正确答案。

[例2]You will hear:

M:How much are the tickets?

W:Ten dollars for the general public,but student tickets are half price.

Q:How much will the man pay for two student tickets?

You will read:

A) Five dollars.B) Twenty dollars.

C) Fifteen dollars.D) Ten dollars.

本题测试考生理解明示信息的能力,要求考生听懂细节。女士说:“普通票10美元,学生票半价。”买两张学生票应付10美元,因此,答案为D)。

[例3]You will hear:

W:Wasn’t our appointment for 10:30?

M:It was.But l had to be 15 minutes late.

Q:What time did the man arrive?

You will read:

A) 10:00 B) 10:30 C) 10:45 D) 11:15

本题关键在于听懂“I had to be 15 minutes late”,故选C)。

[例4]You will hear:

W:If we hurry we can take the express train and save an hour.

M:Yes.The express takes only three hours to get to New York.

Q:How long does it take the local train to New York?

You will read:

A) One hour. B) Two hours. C) Three hours. D) Four hours.

考生若能听懂第一句,就不难选出本题的正确答案D)。

注意下列与计算题有关的关键信息词和短语:

spend,cost花费 save,spare节省

buy,purchase购买 plus加上;还有

amount数量 dollar;cent美元;美分

pound;penny英镑;便士 change零钱

twice;couple;double;pair两次;一对;双;一副

quarter四分之一 dozen一打,12个

score二十 percentage百分比

10% discount优惠了10%,打9折

2 times as much as 是……的2倍

knock 20% off the price降价20%

take 2 pills a time,3 times a day吃药一日三次,一次两粒

zero point six 0.6

nine forty-five/a quarter to ten 9:45

five thirty/half past five 5:30

twelve fifty/ten to one 12:50

the day before yesterday 前天

the day after tomorrow 后天

every day 每天

every other day 每隔一天

the other day/a few days ago 几天前

weekdays 工作日(周一至周五)

from nine a.m.to five p.m.从早上9点到下午5点

more;less 多;少

early;late 早;晚

fast;slow 快;慢

before;after 前;后

ahead of time;earlier 提前

put off;delay;postpone 延迟

2.推理判断题

推理判断题是听力测试中一个主要的题型,也是难度较大的一种题型,其特点是说话人表达思想的方式比较含蓄,往往不能为选择书面答案提供直接的信息。

(1)相关词推理题

在小对话中,相关词推理题很多,这要求考生在解答这类题目时把握语境相关词,然后进一步推知可能问到的对话发生地点(Where does the conversation take place?)、人物职业及身份(What does the man do? What is the occupation of the woman?)、人物关系(What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?)。

听力对话离不开特定语境,理解对话内容首先就要辨认语境相关词,然后做出合理推断。

下面列举一些以地点为主题的词群,这些词群在各种听力考试中经常出现。

① School学校

dormitory宿舍campus校园

required course必修课department系

scholarship奖学金elective/optional course 选修课

undergraduate本科生freshman (大学)一年级学生

sophomore (大学)二年级学生 junior (大学)三年级学生

senior(大学)四年级学生 graduate研究生

credit学分 language lab语音室

tuition fee学费 paper论文

② Hospital医院

pill药丸 medicine药品

surgeon外科医生 capsule胶囊

dentist牙医 physician内科医生

treatment治疗 operation手术

fever发烧 cough咳嗽

vomit呕吐flu流感

stomachache胃疼 faint昏迷

emergency room急诊室 headache头疼

X-rays X光

③ Restaurant餐厅

order点菜 menu 菜单

chicken鸡肉 reserve a table订一张桌位

fish鱼 waiter 男侍者

sandwich三明治 waitress 女侍者

pizza比萨饼 customer 顾客

hamburger汉堡包 pay the bill 买单

pudding布丁 fork 叉

beef牛肉 knife 刀

noodle面条 spoon 勺

coffee咖啡 egg 鸡蛋

soup 汤 tip小费

salad色拉

④ Hotel 旅馆

check in 登记入住 make a reservation 订房间

receptionist 接待员 check out结账离开

single room 单人间 reception desk 接待处

suite 套间 double room双人间

air-conditioner空调 bathroom浴室

⑤ Post office 邮局

airmail 航空信 mail;send;post 邮寄

stamp 邮票 registered letter 挂号信

parcel 包裹 overweight超重

postal clerk 邮局职员 telegram电报

postage邮资

⑥ Bank 银行

cash 现金 traveler’s check旅行支票

overdraw 透支 credit card信用卡

savings account 储蓄账户 open an account 开户

deposit money存钱 interest利息

⑦ Airport 机场

flight number 航班号flight航班

passenger 乘客flight schedule 航班时刻表

land着陆 departure 离开

passport护照 take off 起飞

see sb off送行

⑧ Railway Station 火车站

one way ticket单程车票 round-trip ticket 往返车票

platform站台 express快车

⑨ Telephone office 电话局

leave a message留言 operator 接线员

hold the line别挂电话 long distance call 长途电话

ring sb up给某人打电话 dial a number 拨号

hang up挂断电话 the line is busy 占线

have a telephone installed 安装一部电话

⑩ Library 图书馆

librarian馆员 renew 续借

borrow借入 return 归还

loan借出 library card 借书证

check out办手续借出 fine 罚款

11 Office办公室

secretary 秘书 boss 老板

employer雇主 manager经理

interviewer面试考官 interviewee面试者

employee雇员 job applicant求职者

type a letter打印信件 qualification资历

arrange the file整理文件 send a fax发传真

printer打印机 computer电脑

resume简历 copying machine 复印机

position;post 职位 experience经验

income收入

以上总结并非面面俱到,做题时还会碰到其他一些对话语境,如cinema(电影院),shop(商店),laundry(洗衣店),travel agency(旅行社),wedding(婚礼),graduation(毕业典礼)等。

[例1]You will hear:

W:Are these treatments really necessary?

M:I’m afraid so,Miss Jones. You’ll see some result soon.

Q:Where does this conversation most probably take place?

You will read:

A) In a doctor’s office.

B) In a professor’s office.

C) In a lawyer’s office.

D) In a businessman’s office.

本题要求考生判断对话发生的地点,主要考的是理解treatment(治疗,疗法)这个词在对话中的含义。男士的回答是:“很快你就会看到一些效果。”男士显然是一位医生,因此,对话最有可能发生在医生的诊所,答案是A)。

[例2]You will hear:

M:I don’t have an appointment,but could I see Mr. Wang just a few minutes?

W:I’m very sorry,but he meets people only by appointment.

Q:Who is probably the woman?

You will read:

A) The man’s boss.B) Mr. Wang’s colleague.

C) The man’s secretary.D) Mr. Wang’s secretary.

本题测试考生辨别人物职业身份。从文中“but he meets people only by appointment”得知“he”为老板,则可推断说话的“woman”为老板的秘书,正确选项为D)。

[例3]You will hear:

W:How long will it take you to fix my watch?

M:I’ll call you when it is ready,but it shouldn’t take longer than a week.

Q:What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

You will read:

A) Librarian and student.

B) Customer and repairman.

C) Boss and secretary.

D) Operator and caller.

本题是推断人物关系题,句中语境相关词不太明显,但女士在询问中明确提到“fix my watch”,与修理手表有关,故推知男士必然有此类专长,而四组人物关系分别是:A)图书管理员与学生,B)顾客与修理工,C)老板与秘书,D)电话接线员与打电话者,故正确选择项为B)。

(2)意义解释推断题

这种题型涉及考生是否具有扎实的语言基本功,能否一次听懂较复杂的语言信息。这就要求考生通过语音语调,根据对话的内涵,利用逻辑推理的思维过程来判断说话人的真实意图。

推理判断题的典型提问形式:

What does the man/woman mean/imply?

What do we learn from the conversation?

What can be concluded from the conversation?

[例1]You will hear:

W:Oh,hello.I’m calling about an invoice you’ve sent us.

M:I’m afraid this office doesn’t deal with invoices.

Q:What does the man mean?

You will read:

A) He couldn’t find the invoice the woman wanted.

B) The woman called the wrong department.

C) He wasn’t sure about the affair.

D) The woman shouldn’t bother him.

此题要求考生根据对话推断男士讲话的含义。对话中女士想要了解有关发票(invoice)一事,而男士却说本部门与发票一事无关。因而在四个选项中,唯有B)最合题意,是本题的正确答案。

[例2]You will hear:

M:Could you tell me the train schedule to London?

W:There is a train going to London every hour from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m.

Q:What do we know about the man?

You will read:

A) He will soon leave London.

B) He is on board a train.

C) He is going to take a trip.

D) He is late for the train.

本题要求考生根据对话内容对男士的行为作出推断。男士要了解前往伦敦的火车时刻表,女士告诉他上午6点到晚上8点每小时一班,选项A)、B)、D)与对话情景不符,故答案为选项C)。

[例3]You will hear:

W:Hello,Mr. Walters,is there anything l can do for you?

M:I’d like to see Mr. Benson about your company’s new product.

Q:What does Mr. Walters want?

You will read:

A) To sell a product to Mr. Benson.

B) To invite Mr. Benson to his company.

C) To discuss something with Mr. Benson.

D) To place an order with Benson’s company.

答案为选项C)。此题测试考生理解信息的能力,题目要求回答Mr. Walters到公司来有什么事,而男土在回答中说:“我想就贵公司的新产品与Mr. Benson见一面。”选项A)、B)和D)都属于主观推测,缺乏事实根据。

[例4]You will hear:

W:Who’s your new secretary,Tom?

M:Miss Brown.I’m very pleased with the work she’s been doing so far.

Q:What do we know about Tom’s secretary?

You will read:

A) She’s not efficient.B) She’s often late.

C) She’s capable.D) She’s honest.

本题测试考生推测理解的能力,要求考生听懂男士说话的深层含义。首先必须抓住关键问题,通过其表层意思去发掘深层意思。男士在谈话中指出,“到目前为止,我对她所做的工作非常满意”,不言而喻,这个秘书是非常有能力的,所以选项C)是正确答案。