（四）动词的误用

1．助动词的误用

（1）be的误用

错句1

The unit of measurement known as“foot”has originally based on the average size of the human foot.

The unit of measurement known as“foot”was originally based on the average size of the human foot.

度量单位“英尺”最初是以人脚的平均大小为依据的。

解析 如正确句子所示，助动词be和过去分词一起构成被动语态。

错句2

Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection has left to the nation.

Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection is to be left to the nation.

现年78岁的丹尼斯已经宣布，他的许多收藏品将留给国家。

解析 如正确句子所示，助动词be和不定式一起作谓语时，可表示已经做出的计划或决定，再如：“We are to start tomorrow.(我们定于明天动身。)”

错句3

Nobody will leave this room.

Nobody is to leave this room.

谁也不许离开这个房间。

解析 如正确句子所示，助动词be和不定式一起作谓语时，可表示“必须”“应该”等情态意义，再如：“What am I to do next? (下一步我该做什么？)”

（2）do的误用

错句4

They have no classes today, have they?

They have no classes today, do they?

他们今天不上课，是吧？

解析 在反义问句中，当实义动词have作“拥有”解时，附加疑问句仍可用have，如：“You have two brothers, haven't you? (你有两个兄弟，是吧？)”但是，如正确句子所示，当have不作“拥有”解时，附加问句的谓语须用do。

错句5

I don't think he understood what you said, do I?

I don't think he understood what you said, did he?

我看他不明白你说的意思，对吧？

解析 在“复合句+附加疑问句”形式的反义疑问句中，通常，附加疑问句重复前面主句的主语和谓语，如：“I said it was going to rain, didn't I? (我说过要下雨，不是吗？)”但是，如正确句子所示，在I don't believe/expect/reckon/figure开头的句子中，附加疑问句要重复that从句的主语和谓语。如下面的类例所示，出现在附加疑问句中的动词还可以是情态动词和系动词。

类例

I suppose he won't help us, don't I?

I suppose he won't help us, will he?

我想他不会帮助我们，是吧？

I believe you can answer this question, don't I?

I believe you can answer this question, can't you?

我相信你能回答这个问题，不能吗？

I don't suppose you are serious, do I?

I don't suppose you are serious, are you?

我看你并不是认真的，对吧？

错句6

America would never again have the spirit of adventure as it was before the West was settled.

America would never again have the spirit of adventure as it did before the West was settled.

美国或许再也不会有西部移民之前的那种冒险精神了。

解析 助动词do, does和did可用于代替句中的主要动词，以避免重复。在正确句子中，did代替前面have的过去式had。

类例

The boy spent as much time watching TV as he had studying.

The boy spent as much time watching TV as he did studying.

这个男孩看电视的时间和学习的时间一样多。

解析 在正确句子中，did代替前面的spent。

For him to be re-elected, what is essential is not that his policy works, but that the public believe it is.

For him to be re-elected, what is essential is not that his policy works, but that the public believe it does.

他要想再次当选，必要的条件并不是他的政策奏效，而是公众认为他的政策奏效。

解析 在正确句子中，does代替前面的works。

错句7

Unfortunately I couldn't manage to pass the exam.

Unfortunately I didn't manage to pass the exam.

不幸的是我没能通过考试。

解析 在表示“没能做到”时，manage不能与couldn't连用。

错句8

I would rather you wouldn't invite too many people.

I would rather you didn't invite too many people.

我倒希望你别邀请太多的人。

解析 would rather作“希望”解，相当于wish，后面跟动词过去式，不跟should或would。

2．情态动词的误用

（1）shall的误用

错句9

Nobody will go out of the room tonight.

Nobody shall go out of the room tonight.

今晚任何人都不许走出这个房间。

解析 如正确句子所示，情态动词shall在肯定句中表示说话人的决心、命令、允诺等。

类例

It has been decided that he will be given the job.

It has been decided that he shall be given the job.

公司已经决定给他这份工作。

错句10

Can I open the window?

Shall I open the window?

要我打开窗户吗？

解析 如正确句子所示，情态动词shall在疑问句中表示征求听话人的意见。错句用can表示“许可”，句意是“我是否可以打开窗户？”。

（2）will的误用

错句11

I can't tell you right away, but if you wait I'll let you know in a few minutes.

I can't tell you right away, but if you will wait I'll let you know in a few minutes.

我无法马上告诉你，不过如果你愿意等的话，我一会儿就让你知道。

解析 在表示将来的条件从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时，如：“If you call him, he will help you.(如果你打电话给他，他会帮助你的。)”但是，正确句子中的will不是表示将来时间的助动词，而是表示意愿的情态动词，再如：“They won't lend us any more money.(他们不愿再借给我们钱了。)”

错句12

Let us know your address, shall we?

Let us know your address, will you?

请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗？

解析 let us..．既可表示请求，也可表示建议(较正式)。如正确句子所示，当let us..．表示请求时，其后的附加问句用will you。若表示建议，附加疑问句用shall we，如：“Let us go swimming together, shall we? (我们一起去游泳好吗？)”

（3）can的误用

错句13

We may eat in a restaurant, if you like.

We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.

如果你愿意，我们可以去餐馆吃饭。

解析 can可用于提出建议，而may不能。

（4）must的误用

错句14

The room is in a terrible mess:it mustn't have been cleaned.

The room is in a terrible mess:it can't have been cleaned.

这个房间脏乱不堪：它一定没被打扫过。

解析 must表示有把握的猜测时，仅限于肯定句，其否定式不是must not/mustn't，而是cannot/can't，再如：“That can't be my bike.(那不可能是/一定不是我的自行车。)”

类例

She mustn't be ill because I saw her playing tennis just now.

She can't be ill because I saw her playing tennis just now.

她肯定没病，因为刚才我看见她在打网球。

（5）should的误用

错句15

If you would have any more questions, I'll do my best to answer you.

If you should have any more questions, I'll do my best to answer you.

如果你还有问题，我会尽力回答你。

解析 should可在条件句中表示“可能”，而would不能。

（6）would的误用

错句16

Do you like to see my collection?

Would you like to see my collection?

想看我的收藏吗？

解析 will可表示提议或邀请，would you like=do you want。而“Do you like...?”则是询问一种习惯。

（7）have to的误用

错句17

She left the reception early because she must go to work early the next morning.

She left the reception early because she had to go to work early the next morning.

她早早离开了招待会，因为她第二天一早就得去上班。

解析 have to用于表示客观外界对主语施加的义务，而must表示说话人对主语施加的义务，如：“Visitors must leave bags in the cloakroom.(参观者须把手提包放到物品寄存处。)”I/we must可表示主观愿望，如：“I must buy a car.I don't want to ride to work.(我想买辆车，我不想骑车上班。)”

3．时态的误用

（1）一般现在时的误用

错句18

I have known nothing about his father's work.

I know nothing about his father's work.

我对他父亲的工作一点儿也不了解。

解析 一些表示思维、状态和感觉的动词，通常用一般现在时，而不用现在完成时或现在进行时，这类动词包括：love, like, hate, hope, wish, want, need, prefer, know, see, understand, remember, believe, guess, suppose, mean, belong, think, consist, hear, seem, feel等。

类例

I am feeling a sharp pain in my chest.

I feel a sharp pain in my chest.

我胸口疼得厉害。

Have you understood what I mean?

Do you understand what I mean?

你明白我的意思吗？

错句19

The teacher told them since light travelled faster than sound, lightning appeared to go before thunder.

The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.

老师告诉他们，由于光传播得比声音快，所以闪电好像发生在雷声之前。

解析 即使在主句的谓语动词为过去时态的情况下，宾语从句的谓语动词仍然用一般现在时来表示客观规律或普遍真理。

错句20

They will not start the project until the board chairman will come back from South Africa.

They will not start the project until the board chairman comes back from South Africa.

董事会主席从南非回来之前他们不会启动这个项目。

解析 一般现在时在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态。

类例

“When will the plane arrive?” “I will tell you when I will find out.”

“When will the plane arrive?” “I will tell you when I find out.”

“飞机什么时候到？”“我搞清楚了就告诉你。”

“Let's go to the country tomorrow.”“All right, if it will not rain.”

“Let's go to the country tomorrow.”“All right, if it doesn't rain.”

“咱们明天到乡下去吧。”“好，要是不下雨的话。”

（2）现在进行时的误用

错句21

Why do you always complain?

Why are you always complaining?

你为什么总是发牢骚？

解析 现在进行时与always, constantly, continually, repeatedly等频度副词连用时，表示十分或过于经常的重复性动作。该句中的always并不是all the time的意思，而是very often的意思。再如：“I'm always missing the train.(我总是误火车。)”一般现在时与always连用时的意思是“每一次都”，如：“I always make silly mistakes in exams.(我每次考试都犯愚蠢的错误。)”

（3）现在完成时的误用

错句22

We made tremendous progress in the past thirty years.

We have made tremendous progress in the past thirty years.

我们在过去的30年里取得了巨大的进步。

解析 如该句的in the past thirty years所示，与现在完成时连用的有些时间状语，它们所指的时间在说话时尚未结束或刚刚结束。这类时间状语有in recent years, in the past few months; today, this morning, this week, this year；等等。再如：“I haven't seen him today.(我今天没见过他。)”

错句23

We'll take you there if you make up your mind.

We'll take you there if you have made up your mind.

如果你拿定了主意，我们就带你去那儿。

解析 现在完成时可在时间状语或条件状语从句中代替将来完成时。

类例

We can't give you a room now unless you make reservations.

We can't give you a room now unless you have made reservations.

如果你没有预订，我们现在就无法给你一个房间。

（4）过去完成时的误用

错句24

We hoped to start our own business, but we never had enough money.

We had hoped to start our own business, but we never had enough money.

我们本来希望开自己的公司，但是我们一直没有足够的资金。

解析 动词expect, hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want等的过去完成时表示未实现的愿望。

类例

He intended to come to see you, but he was too busy.

He had intended to come to see you, but he was too busy.

他本来打算来看你，但是他太忙了。

（5）时态呼应错误

错句25

I decided to go to the library as soon as I would finish what I was doing.

I decided to go to the library as soon as I finished what I was doing.

我决定一做完我正在做的事就到图书馆去。

解析 如正确句子中的finished所示，一般过去时可表示过去将来发生的动作。

类例

Tom promised to write to us when he would reach London.

Tom promised to write to us when he reached London.

汤姆答应到达伦敦以后给我们写信。

错句26

“What were you doing when Anna phoned you?” “I had just finished my work and started to take a bath.”

“What were you doing when Anna phoned you?” “I had just finished my work and was starting to take a bath.”

“安娜来电话时你在做什么？”“我刚干完工作，正准备洗澡。”

解析 如正确句子中的was starting所示，过去进行时可表示过去将来发生的动作。

类例

“My father will be here tomorrow.”“Oh, I thought that he is coming today.”

“My father will be here tomorrow.”“Oh, I thought that he was coming today.”

“我父亲明天到这里来。”“哦，我还以为他今天来呢。”

错句27

Did you notice whether I locked the door?

Did you notice whether I had locked the door?

你看到我锁门了吗？

解析 在该句中，主句的谓语动词noticed为一般过去时，宾语从句的过去完成时had locked表示它先于noticed发生。

类例

He told me that his youngest son was born six years before.

He told me that his youngest son had been born six years before.

他告诉我，他最小的儿子是六年前出生的。

The boy admitted that he broke the glass.

The boy admitted that he had broken the glass.

那个男孩承认他打破了玻璃杯。

错句28

Even though he studied English for three years before he came to the United States, it is still difficult for him to express himself.

Even though he had studied English for three years before he came to the United States, it is still difficult for him to express himself.

虽然他在来美国之前已经学了三年英语，他现在仍然难以表达自己的意思。

解析 在该句中，时间状语before he came为一般过去时，发生在此之前的动作须用过去完成时。

错句29

It was the first time that I saw him.

It was the first time that I had seen him.

这是我第一次见到他。

解析 在the first/second/third time that后，如果主句为现在时，从句则为现在完成时，如：“This is the second time that we have been here.(这是我们第二次到这里。)”如正确句子所示，如果主句为过去时，从句则为过去完成时。

错句30

They hunted him as a tiger stalked his prey.

They hunted him as a tiger stalks his prey.

他们追捕他，就像老虎搜寻猎物一样。

解析 正确句子状语从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时，表示习惯性动作。

类例

I didn't go out of the shop door, but the back door, which opened into a narrow alley.

I didn't go out of the shop door, but the back door, which opens into a narrow alley.

我不是从商店的大门出来，而是从通向小巷的后门出来。

解析 正确句子定语从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时，表示习惯性状态。

4．语态的误用

※见第七章(句型的误用)：被动句型误作主动句型和主动句型误作被动句型

5．虚拟语气的误用

（1）虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的误用

错句31

If the earth suddenly stops spinning, we would all fly off it.

If the earth suddenly stopped spinning, we would all fly off it.

要是地球突然停止旋转，我们都会从地球上飞出去。

解析 如正确句子所示，在假设现在情况的条件句中，从句的动词形式与陈述语气的一般过去时同形。

类例

If he has enough time, he wouldn't refuse your invitation.

If he had enough time, he wouldn't refuse your invitation.

如果他有足够的时间，他不会拒绝你的邀请。

错句32

“Joe and I are going to Boston this week.”“If it wasn't for my job, I'd come with you.”

“Joe and I are going to Boston this week.”“If it weren't for my job, I'd come with you.”

“这个星期乔和我打算到波士顿去。”“要不是由于我的工作，我会和你们一起去的。”

解析 如正确句子所示，在假设现在情况的条件句中，从句的动词形式与陈述语气的一般过去时同形。如果动词为be，不论是作为实义动词还是作为助动词，各人称和数一律用were，在非正式文体中，第一和第三人称可以用was。

类例

If I am you, I wouldn't ask such a silly question.

If I were you, I wouldn't ask such a silly question.

如果我是你，我就不会问这样愚蠢的问题。

错句33

If he took better care of his money, he will be less likely to lose it.

If he took better care of his money, he would be less likely to lose it.

如果他更仔细地看管自己的钱，他丢钱的可能性会小一些。

解析 如正确句子所示，在假设现在情况的条件句中，主句用“should/would+动词原形”，should用于第一人称，would用于第二、三人称。

类例

If I weren't dressed in this uniform, I won't feel so conspicuous.

If I weren't dressed in this uniform, I wouldn't feel so conspicuous.

要是我不穿这套制服，我就不会感觉这么惹人注目。

错句34

If the whole operation were not planned beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.

If the whole operation had not been planned beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.

如果这整个工作没有预先计划好，就会损失大量的时间和金钱。

解析 如正确句子所示，在假设过去情况的条件句中，从句的动词形式与陈述语气的过去完成时同形。

类例

He would not have been arrested if he answered the detective honestly.

He would not have been arrested if he had answered the detective honestly.

要是他诚实地回答了警探，他就不会被捕了。

If I knew that your business was growing so rapidly, I wouldn't have been worried about it.

If I had known that your business was growing so rapidly, I wouldn't have been worried about it.

如果我当初知道你的公司发展得这么快，我就不会担心了。

If Greg would have tried harder to reach the opposite shore, we would not have had to pick him up in the boat.

If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore, we would not have had to pick him up in the boat.

要是格雷格当初再努一把力游到对岸的话，我们就不必用小船去接他了。

错句35

Helen will graduate with her class if she had been able to meet all of the requirements in time.

Helen would have graduated with her class if she had been able to meet all of the requirements in time.

要是当初海伦能够及时达到全部要求，她会同全班一起毕业的。

解析 如正确句子所示，在假设过去情况的条件句中，主句用“should/would+实义动词不定式的完成式”，should用于第一人称，would用于第二、三人称。

类例

If you had been with us, you would understand our excitement.

If you had been with us, you would have understood our excitement.

要是当初你和我们在一起的话，你就会理解我们为什么那么激动。

错句36

Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she had got a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.

Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she got/should get/were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.

琼不想马上工作，因为她觉得，如果找到一份工作，或许就不能经常见到自己的朋友了。

解析 如正确句子所示，在假设将来情况的条件句中，从句谓语动词有三种形式可以使用：陈述语气的一般过去时形式，“should+动词原形”，“were to+动词原形”。有时也可用could或might代替should。

类例

It is unlikely that a nation would choose war if its goals will be met peacefully.

It is unlikely that a nation would choose war if its goals should/could be met peacefully.

如果一个国家的目标能以和平的手段达到，它就不大可能选择战争。

错句37

Everything is okay.If there should be something wrong, I will let you know at once.

Everything is okay.If there should be something wrong, I should/would let you know at once.

一切都正常。要是出了什么事，我会马上告诉你的。

解析 如正确句子所示，在假设将来情况的条件句中，主句谓语动词的形式为“should/would+动词原形”。should用于第一人称，would用于第二、三人称，在现代英语中，would可用于各人称。有时也可用could或might代替should/would。

类例

I shall be very grateful if you could help me with the problem.

I should/would be very grateful if you could help me with the problem.

如果你帮我解决这个问题，我会非常感激你的。

（2）虚拟语气在错综时间条件句中的误用

错句38

If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you won't smile now.

If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn't be smiling now.

要是你掉下来的时候我没站在梯子下面抓住你，你现在就笑不出来了。

解析 在该句中，从句动词的时间是过去，而主句的时间是现在。

类例

Many dead would now be alive if they should not attempt to return for something.

Many dead would now be alive if they had not attempted to return for something.

许多人当初要是不试图返回去拿东西的话，现在会活着。

解析 在该句中，从句动词的时间是过去，而主句的时间是现在。

错句39

Rebecca would tell me earlier if she did not like her house she bought last month.

Rebecca would have told me earlier if she did not like her house she bought last month.

如果丽贝卡不喜欢她上个月买的房子，她早就告诉我了。

解析 在该句中，从句动词的时间是现在，而主句的时间是过去。

类例

If I had a bike, I would lend it to you yesterday.

If I had a bike, I would have lent it to you yesterday.

我要是有自行车，昨天就借给你了。

解析 在该句中，从句动词的时间是现在，而主句的时间是过去。

（3）虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的误用

错句40

But for his help, I would not finish it so early.

But for his help, I would not have finished it so early.

要不是他的帮助，我本来不可能这么早完成。

解析 在该句中，but for his help=if it had not been for his help，其作用相当于假设过去情况的条件句。因此，该句的谓语动词须用相应的would not have finished。

错句41

Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth will not grow well.

Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth would not grow well.

如果没有热量和阳光，地球上的植物就无法好好生长。

解析 在该句中，without heat and sunlight=if there were not heat and sunlight，其作用相当于假设现在情况的条件句。因此，该句的谓语动词须用相应的would not grow。

类例

We can't believe what they did without seeing it.

We couldn't have believed what they did without seeing it.

要不是亲眼看见他们做了那种事，我们绝不会相信。

（4）虚拟语气在主语从句中的误用

错句42

It is essential that these application forms are sent as early as possible.

It is essential that these application forms (should)be sent as early as possible.

重要的是要尽早寄出这些申请表。

解析 在该句中，主句为“主—系—表”句型，表语为形容词essential。因此，其后的主语从句中的谓语须用虚拟语气，其形式为“(should)+动词原形”。要求主语从句用虚拟语气的表语形容词常见的有：advisable, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital等。

类例

It is important that she must tell the doctor all her symptoms.

It is important that she (should)tell the doctor all her symptoms.

她必须把一切症状都告诉医生，这是很重要的。

It's urgent that a meeting is to be arranged before the final decision is made.

It's urgent that a meeting (should)be arranged before the final decision is made.

在做最后决定之前，紧迫的事情是开一个会。

It is vital that enough money are collected to fund the project.

It is vital that enough money (should)be collected to fund the project.

筹集足够的资金来支持这项工程是非常重要的。

It's necessary that he must return the dictionary immediately.

It's necessary that he (should)return the dictionary immediately.

他必须马上归还这本辞典。

错句43

It is my wish that he can be invited.

It is my wish that he (should)be invited.

我希望能邀请他。

解析 当主句为“主—系—表”句型，表语为decision, demand, desire, order，proposal, recommendation, regulation, requirement, resolution, suggestion, wish等名词时，其后的主语从句中的谓语须用虚拟语气，其形式为“(should)+动词原形”。

类例

It is our demand that they must be sent here soon.

It is our demand that they (should)be sent here soon.

我们要求赶快把他们派来。

错句44

It is recommended that the project will not be started until all the preparations have been made.

It is recommended that the project (should)not be started until all the preparations have been made.

有人建议等做好所有准备工作再开始这项工程。

解析 在该句中，主句的谓语为recommend。因此，其后的主语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其形式为“(should)+动词原形”。相同用法的动词还有：ask, decide, demand, desire, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等。

类例

It is suggested that some allowances must be made for any possible opposition.

It is suggested that some allowances (should)be made for any possible opposition.

有人建议，必须对可能出现的抵制有所考虑。

When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people turned off all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.

When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people (should)turn off all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.

爱迪生去世时，有人提议美国人民将家里、街上和工厂中的全部电源都关闭几分钟，来纪念这位伟人。

It was requested that a vote must be taken.

It was requested that a vote (should)be taken.

有人要求进行表决。

（5）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的误用

错句45

I wish it was summer now.

I wish it were summer now.

现在要是夏天该多好。

解析 如正确句子所示，当wish表示对现在情况的假设时，其宾语从句中的动词形式与陈述语气一般过去时同形。如果动词为be，不论是作为实义动词还是作为助动词，各人称和数一律用were。在非正式文体中，第一和第三人称可以用was。

类例

“Are you enjoying your studies here?” “Yes, very much.I wish I don't have to leave so soon.”

“Are you enjoying your studies here?” “Yes, very much.I wish I didn't have to leave so soon.”

“你喜欢在这里的学习生活吗？”“是的，非常喜欢。要是我不必这么快就离开该多好。”

错句46

I wish you haven't hurt Jim so much.He is still very depressed.

I wish you hadn't hurt Jim so much.He is still very depressed.

你要是没把吉姆伤害得那么厉害就好了。他仍然很沮丧。

解析 如正确句子所示，当wish表示对过去情况的假设时，其宾语从句中的动词形式与陈述语气的过去完成时同形。

类例

I wish I went to Stockholm when I was in Sweden.I hear it's a beautiful city.

I wish I had gone to Stockholm when I was in Sweden.I hear it's a beautiful city.

在瑞典时我要是去了斯德哥尔摩该多好。我听说那是一个很漂亮的城市。

错句47

I wish prices will come down.

I wish prices would come down.

但愿物价能降下来。

解析 如正确句子所示，当wish表示对将来的愿望时，其宾语从句中的动词形式为“would+动词原形”，此时，宾语从句的主语须不同于主句的主语。

类例

“We can't go out now.It's too rainy.”“I wish the rain will stop soon.”

“We can't go out now.It's too rainy.”“I wish the rain would stop soon.”

“我们现在不能出去。雨下得太大了。”“要是雨很快能停下来该多好。”

错句48

Since her blood pressure is much higher than it should be, her doctor insists that she must not smoke.

Since her blood pressure is much higher than it should be, her doctor insists that she (should)not smoke.

由于她的血压比正常高得多，她的医生坚决要求她别吸烟。

解析 如正确句子所示，在suggest等一些表示建议、要求、命令等的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其形式为“(should)+动词原形”。这类动词包括：advise, ask, decide, demand, direct, desire, insist, move, order, prefer，propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等。

类例

In the past, men generally preferred that their wives worked in the home.

In the past, men generally preferred that their wives(should)work in the home.

过去，男人们一般喜欢自己的妻子在家里工作。

They proposed that she would be appointed to act as secretary.

They proposed that she (should)be appointed to act as secretary.

他们提议指定她当秘书。

She demands that her son must obey her.

She demands that her son (should)obey her.

她要求儿子必须服从自己。

The lawyer asked that the case is postponed for one month.

The lawyer asked that the case (should)be postponed for one month.

律师要求将这个案子推迟一个月审理。

We require that the tour leader will inform us immediately of any change in plans.

We require that the tour leader (should)inform us immediately of any change in plans.

我们要求导游将计划中的任何变动马上通知我们。

错句49

I don't think it advisable that Tim is assigned to the job since he has no experience.

I don't think it advisable that Tim (should)be assigned to the job since he has no experience.

既然蒂姆没有经验，我认为分配他做这个工作是不明智的。

解析 在表示看法的consider, deem, think等动词后，可以带以it为形式宾语、以某些形容词为宾补的复合宾语。此时，宾语从句中的谓语动词须用“(should)+动词原形”。在主句中作宾补的形容词常见的有：advisable，appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, essential, imperative, important，necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital等。

类例

The board deemed it urgent that these files would be printed right away.

The board deemed it urgent that these files (should)be printed right away.

董事会认为，立即将这些文件印出来是紧急的事情。

错句50

I'd rather you would go by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.

I'd rather you went by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.

我宁愿你坐火车去，因为想到你在这么糟糕的天气下坐在飞机里，我受不了。

解析 would rather(=would sooner)和would (just)as soon(=would sooner)通常表示对现在或将来的愿望。此时，其后宾语从句中的动词形式与陈述语气的一般过去时同形。如果动词为be，不论是作为实义动词还是作为助动词，各人称和数一律用were。在非正式文体中，第一和第三人称可以用was。

类例

The manager would rather his daughter does not work in the same office.

The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.

经理宁愿自己的女儿不在同一个办公室工作。

Don't come tomorrow.I'd rather you will come next weekend.

Don't come tomorrow.I'd rather you came next weekend.

明天别来。我倒愿意你下个周末来。

Many residents would rather that the bus service will be subsidized.

Many residents would rather that the bus service were subsidized.

许多居民宁愿公共汽车服务得到补贴。

（6）虚拟语气在表语从句中的误用

错句51

The doctor's advice is that the patient is kept quiet.

The doctor's advice is that the patient (should)be kept quiet.

医生的意见是让病人保持安静。

解析 在以advice, suggestion等表示命令、建议、计划等的名词作主语的表语从句中，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其形式为“(should)+动词原形”。作主语的这类名词常见的有：advice, aim, decision, demand, desire, motion, order, plan，proposal, recommendation, regulation, requirement, resolution, suggestion等。

类例

One of the requirements for a fire is that the material is heated to its burning temperature.

One of the requirements for a fire is that the material (should)be heated to its burning temperature.

着火的必要条件之一是材料被加热到其燃烧的温度。

错句52

Your mom is ill.You look as if you don't care.

Your mom is ill.You look as if you didn't care.

你妈妈病了。你好像不在乎似的。

解析 如正确句子所示，在as if引导的表语从句中，如果表示对现在情况的假设，谓语动词与陈述语气的过去时同形。

（7）虚拟语气在同位语从句中的误用

错句53

We are all for your proposal that the discussion will put off.

We are all for your proposal that the discussion (should)be put off.

我们都赞成你提出的推迟讨论的决定。

解析 如正确句子所示，当与同位语从句同位的是proposal等表示建议、计划、命令等的名词时，从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其形式为“(should)+动词原形”。这类名词常见的有：advice, aim, desire, idea, insistence, motion, necessity，order, plan, proposal, recommendation, regulation, requirement, suggestion，wish等。

类例

The suggestion that the mayor would present the prizes was accepted by everyone.

The suggestion that the mayor (should)present the prizes was accepted by everyone.

大家都接受由市长颁奖的建议。

（8）虚拟语气在状语从句中的误用

错句54

Even if we have enough money, we wouldn't go abroad for our holidays.

Even if we had enough money, we wouldn't go abroad for our holidays.

即使我们有足够的钱，我们也不去国外度假。

解析 如正确句子所示，在含有even if引导的让步状语从句的复合句中，表示对现在或将来的假设时，从句动词与陈述语气的过去时同形，主句动词为“should/would+动词原形”。

错句55

Even if I met him, I would not have told him about it.

Even if I had met him, I would not have told him about it.

即使我见过他，我也不会告诉他这件事。

解析 如正确句子所示，在含有even if引导的让步状语从句的复合句中表示对过去的假设时，从句动词与陈述语气的过去完成时同形，主句动词为“should/would+不定式完成式”。

错句56

You needn't worry about her, is she well or ill.

You needn't worry about her, be she well or ill.

不论她身体健康与否，你都不必为她担心。

解析 如正确句子所示，有些使用虚拟语气的让步状语从句是倒装句。它们往往是一些公式化的句子，句中的谓语动词有两种形式：动词原形或“情态动词+动词原形”。

类例

The business of each day, was it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

不论是卖货还是运货，每天的生意都进展得很顺利。

What may come, we're not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.

Come what may, we're not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.

不管怎样，我们都不准备对他的无理要求做出任何让步。

错句57

Every day should be passed as if it is our last.

Every day should be passed as if it were our last.

每天都应该当最后一天过。

解析 在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中，当表示对现在情况的假设时，从句的动词形式与陈述语气的一般过去时同形。如果动词为be，不论是作为实义动词还是作为助动词，各人称和数一律用were。在非正式文体中，第一和第三人称可以用was。

类例

He talks as if he knows everything in the world.

He talks as if he knew everything in the world.

他说起话来好像世界上的事情他无所不知。

错句58

While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they would be attacked by wild animals.

While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they(should)be attacked by wild animals.

在穿越山区的过程中，所有的人员都带着枪，以防遭野兽攻击。

解析 在lest, in case和for fear (that)引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词的形式为“(should)+动词原形”。

类例

I daren't tell you what he did, for fear (that)he was angry with me.

I daren't tell you what he did, for fear (that)he (should)be angry with me.

我不敢将他所做的事情告诉你，以免他生我的气。

（9）虚拟语气在it is time后的定语从句中的误用

错句59

It's time something will be done about the traffic problem downtown.

It's time something were done about the traffic problem downtown.

到了采取措施解决闹市区交通问题的时候了。

解析 在it is time (that)之后的定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其形式与陈述语气的过去时同形。如果动词为be，不论是作为实义动词还是作为助动词，各人称和数一律用were。在非正式文体中，第一和第三人称可以用was。

类例

It is time I am off.

It is time I were off.

我该走了。

It's high time the weather should improve.

It's high time the weather improved.

天气真该好起来了。

6．动词数的误用

（1）某些名词作主语时动词数的误用

错句60

There is five sheep on the farm, but there are only three goats.

There are five sheep on the farm, but there are only three goats.

农场里有5只绵羊，却只有3只山羊。

解析 单复数同形的名词作主语时，如果表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式，如果表示复数意义(如该句)，谓语动词便用复数形式。

单复数同形的名词包括：某些动物名称，如deer, sheep, swine；某些表示计量和货币单位的名词，如dozen, head, horsepower, hertz, yuan, jin；以及aircraft, craft, means, series, species, works(工厂)等。dozen和score在表示确切数目时，其单复数形式相同。

类例

That waterworks are in very bad condition.

That waterworks is in very bad condition.

那个自来水厂的情况很糟糕。

The quickest means of travel are by plane.

The quickest means of travel is by plane.

最快捷的旅行方式是乘飞机。

错句61

Twenty years represent a long period of his life.

Twenty years represents a long period of his life.

20年代表着他生命中的很长一段时间。

解析 表示时间、距离、金额等的复数名词作主语时，如果把它们看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

类例

Five hundred miles are too far to drive in one afternoon.

Five hundred miles is too far to drive in one afternoon.

500英里太远了，开车一下午跑不完。

Three thousand and two hundred dollars are what we must pay.

Three thousand and two hundred dollars is what we must pay.

3200美元是我们必须付的金额。

错句62

Our poultry lives in much better conditions than many other people's.

Our poultry live in much better conditions than many other people's.

我们的家禽生活的条件比其他许多人家的好得多。

解析 如该句中的poultry，具有复数意义的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词为复数形式。这样的集体名词还有cattle, folk, people, police等。

类例

When the police was called, the situation was brought under control.

When the police were called, the situation was brought under control.

给警察打电话之后，形势得到了控制。

错句63

Our family has agreed not to exchange gifts this Christmas.

Our family have agreed not to exchange gifts this Christmas.

我们全家人一致同意今年圣诞节不交换礼物。

解析 如该句中的family，有些集体名词具有单、复数两种意义，谓语动词的数须根据这种名词所表示的意义来决定。这类集体名词常见的有：band, board，class, club, college, committee, company, crowd, department, enemy, firm，government, group, school, team等。

类例

My family are very large.

My family is very large.

我家是个大家庭。

The government is discussing the proposal.

The government are discussing the proposal.

政府官员正在讨论这个提案。

The government welcome the proposal.

The government welcomes the proposal.

政府欢迎这个提案。

The class was divided in its opinion.

The class were divided in their opinions.

全班的意见不一致。

（2）表示不定数量的短语作主语时动词数的误用

错句64

Small amounts of land was used for keeping animals.

Small amounts of land were used for keeping animals.

用了少量的土地来饲养动物。

解析 amounts of的后面既可接不可数名词，又可接可数名词复数，作主语时的谓语动词一律为复数形式。

类例

Large amounts of money is spent on tobacco every year.

Large amounts of money are spent on tobacco every year.

每年有大量的金钱花在烟草上。

Huge amounts of crops hasn't been harvested.

Huge amounts of crops haven't been harvested.

大量的庄稼尚未收割。

错句65

Great quantities of sand was washed down the hillside by the rain.

Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.

大量的砂石被雨水冲下山坡。

解析 quantities of的后面既可接不可数名词，又可接可数名词复数，作主语时的谓语动词一律为复数形式。

错句66

There have been a whole series of accidents on this stretch of road recently.

There has been a whole series of accidents on this stretch of road recently.

这段路上最近发生了一连串事故。

解析 a series of的后面接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词为单数形式。

类例

A series of debates were scheduled for the next weekend.

A series of debates was scheduled for the next weekend.

下周末安排了一系列的讨论。

错句67

A vast quantity of beer were sold yesterday.

A vast quantity of beer was sold yesterday.

昨天出售了大量啤酒。

解析 a (large)quantity of用法与a lot of, lots of, plenty of, heaps of，loads of等相同，后面既可接不可数名词，又可接复数名词。它们作主语时，谓语动词分别为单数和复数形式。

类例

A large quantity of drugs was found in his luggage.

A large quantity of drugs were found in his luggage.

在他的行李中发现了大量毒品。

错句68

The rest of the film were especially interesting.

The rest of the film was especially interesting.

影片的其余部分特别有意思。

解析 the rest of的用法与a part of, a portion of, the remainder of等相同，后面既可接单数可数名词和不可数名词，又可接复数名词。当它们作主语时，谓语动词分别为单数和复数形式。

类例

The rest of the applicants has demonstrated a high degree of competence.

The rest of the applicants have demonstrated a high degree of competence.

其余的申请人表现出了很强的竞争实力。

错句69

Many a famous pop star have been ruined by drugs.

Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs.

许多著名的流行歌星都是被毒品毁掉的。

解析 many a修饰单数可数名词，当它所构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

错句70

More than one hammer are missing from the tool-box.

More than one hammer is missing from the tool-box.

工具箱里少了不止一把锤子。

解析 “more than one+单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

错句71

More visitors than one has complained about the weather here.

More visitors than one have complained about the weather here.

不止一个游客抱怨这里的天气不好。

解析 “more+复数可数名词+than one”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

（3）某些并列成分作主语时动词数的误用

错句72

A secretary and typist are needed.

A secretary and typist is needed.

需要一位秘书兼打字员。

解析 当and连接的并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果该句中的typist之前有不定冠词a，句子的主语就不是一个人了。这类名词短语常见的还有：bread and butter(抹上黄油的面包), a knife and fork(一副刀叉), a cup and saucer(一套杯碟)等。

类例

Whisky and soda are his favorite drink.

Whisky and soda is his favorite drink.

威士忌加苏打水是他最喜爱的饮料。

The publisher and editor of the newspaper are to attend the conference.

The publisher and editor of the newspaper is to attend the conference.

该报的出版人兼编辑将参加这次会议。

If law and order are not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.

If law and order is not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.

如果不遵纪守法，公民自身及其财产都不会安全。

错句73

American and Dutch beer is much lighter than British.

American and Dutch beer are much lighter than British.

美国啤酒和荷兰啤酒比英国的淡得多。

解析 当and所连接的是带有不同修饰语的两个相同的单数名词时，第一个名词常常省略(该句中的American之后省略了beer)。此时，该短语表示复数意义，其谓语动词须用复数形式。

类例

This and that point is of great importance.

This and that point are of great importance.

这一点和那一点非常重要。

解析 该句中的this之后省略了point。

Tom's and Peter's car is over there.

Tom's and Peter's car are over there.

汤姆的车和彼得的车在那边。

解析 该句中的Tom's之后省略了car。

错句74

Neither tears nor protest affect their parents'decision.

Neither tears nor protest affects their parents'decision.

眼泪和抗议都影响不了他们父母的决定。

解析 以or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等连接的并列主语的谓语动词的形式，通常依据就近原则，即人称和数的形式与最靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。

类例

Either your brakes or your eyesight are at fault.

Either your brakes or your eyesight is at fault.

不是你的刹车有问题，就是你的视力出了毛病。

Not only my parents but also my wife were very pleased with the new car.

Not only my parents but also my wife was very pleased with the new car.

我父母还有我的妻子都对这辆新车感到满意。

You or he are in the wrong.

You or he is in the wrong.

不是你错了，就是他错了。

（4）one of后的定语从句中动词数的误用

错句75

Mr.Brown is one of those men who appears to be friendly, however, it is very hard to deal with him.

Mr.Brown is one of those men who appear to be friendly, however, it is very hard to deal with him.

布朗先生是那种看起来很亲切，却很难打交道的人。

解析 在“one of+复数名词”之后的定语从句中，当关系代词作主语时，如果关系代词的先行词是one of之后的复数名词时，谓语动词须用复数形式。

类例

This is one of the rooms that was damaged in the fire.

This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.

这就是那次大火中烧毁的房间之一。

错句76

The captain is the only one of the players who have attended team practice regularly.

The captain is the only one of the players who has attended team practice regularly.

队长是这些运动员中唯一定期参加队里训练的人。

解析 在“one of+复数名词”之后的定语从句中，当关系代词的先行词是前面的one时，谓语动词用单数形式。

类例

Jack is the only one of the children who are afraid of going out alone at night.

Jack is the only one of the children who is afraid of going out alone at night.

杰克是那些孩子中唯一害怕夜晚独自出去的。

（5）主语后面跟有某些介词短语时动词数的误用

错句77

The hostess dressed in her finest costume together with the guest of honor were seated comfortably in the living room.

The hostess dressed in her finest costume together with the guest of honor was seated comfortably in the living room.

穿着自己最漂亮的衣服的女主人，与客人一起安适地坐在客厅里。

解析 主语之后，如果跟着由together with, with, along with, in addition to，including, like, except, but, besides, rather than等介词引出的短语，或者跟着准并列连词as well as连接的短语时，谓语动词的数由主语决定，不受这类短语中的名词或代词的数的影响。

类例

A woman with two children were seen walking down the road.

A woman with two children was seen walking down the road.

有人看见一个妇女和两个孩子朝路那边走去。

The moon, along with Venus, are visible in the night sky.

The moon, along with Venus, is visible in the night sky.

在夜空中，肉眼可见月亮和金星。

The pilot as well as two of the passengers have miraculously escaped death.

The pilot as well as two of the passengers has miraculously escaped death.

飞行员和两名乘客已经奇迹般地死里逃生了。

Nobody but Tom and me know the secret.

Nobody but Tom and me knows the secret.

除了汤姆和我，没人知道这个秘密。

7．相似动词的误用

（1）词义相似的动词的误用

错句78

Smoking will definitely influence your health.

Smoking will definitely affect your health.

吸烟肯定会影响你的健康。

解析 influence和affect都表示“影响”，但在表示负面影响时须用后者。

错句79

I can remember a poem very quickly.

I can memorize a poem very quickly.

我能很快记住一首诗。

解析 remember不含“认真学习后记住”的意思。

错句80

Peter gave her a sandwich, which she refused politely.

Peter offered her a sandwich, which she refused politely.

彼得给她一块三明治，她礼貌地拒绝了。

解析 give指送出的东西已被接受，而offer则指未必被接受。

错句81

Though he was busy, he tried to come to our wedding.

Though he was busy, he managed to come to our wedding.

他虽然很忙，但仍然设法来到了我们的婚礼。

解析 try和manage的区别在于后者表示最终完成了或做到了要做的事，而前者没有。

错句82

I like to go to the movies tonight.

I want/should like to go to the movies tonight.

我今晚想去看电影。

解析 like不表示“想要”的意思。

错句83

He couldn't suffer the way his father used to shout at him.

He couldn't tolerate the way his father used to shout at him.

他受不了父亲老是向他大叫大嚷的样子。

解析 suffer不含“忍受”的意思。

错句84

If you persevere in misbehaving, you will be punished.

If you persist in misbehaving, you will be punished.

如果你们老是调皮捣蛋，会受到惩罚的。

解析 persevere和persist都表示“坚持”，但前者通常含褒义，后者常有“执意”的意思。

错句85

They have applied for a divorce.

They have filed for a divorce.

他们已经提交了离婚申请。

解析 apply表示为得到工作、职位等而申请，file表示“正式提交(申请等)”。

错句86

John refused that he had taken the money.

John denied that he had taken the money.

约翰否认自己拿了这笔钱。

解析 refuse表示不接受所给的东西或不做被要求的事，deny表示否定某一说法的真实性。

错句87

He was wounded in a traffic accident.

He was injured in a traffic accident.

他在一次交通事故中受了伤。

解析 wound指用枪或锐器造成伤害，而injure则除了指用棍棒或炸弹等造成伤害以外，还表示在事故中受伤。

错句88

The sound quality was poor so we couldn't fully enjoy the music.

The sound quality was poor so we couldn't fully appreciate the music.

音质很差，我们无法好好欣赏音乐。

解析 appreciate的意思是“欣赏，鉴赏”。enjoy的意思是“喜欢，享受……的乐趣”，如：“We really enjoyed our time in London.(我们在伦敦过得很快活。)”

错句89

I'll notice you when I have more details.

I'll inform you when I have more details.

我得到更多具体情况时会通知你。

解析 notice作名词时可作“通知”解，而作动词时的意思是“注意到”，如：“We hardly noticed the changes.(我们几乎没注意到这些变化。)”

错句90

By doing so, they could spare a large sum of money.

By doing so, they could save a large sum of money.

他们这样做能节省一大笔钱。

解析 save作“节省，储存”解，而spare作“抽出(时间、金钱)，免去”解，如：“I'd like to watch the film but I can't spare the time.(我倒是想看这电影，可就是抽不出时间。)”

错句91

The audience implied that the speaker was a Republican.

The audience inferred that the speaker was a Republican.

听众推断，该演讲者是共和党人。

解析 imply作“暗示，意味着”解，如：“Are you implying that we are not telling the truth? (你的意思是我们没说实话吗？)”而infer作“推测，推断”解。

错句92

How I admire you! I wish I could make my hair curl like that.

How I envy you! I wish I could make my hair curl like that.

我真羡慕你！我能有那么一头卷发该多好。

解析 admire作“佩服，钦佩，赞赏”解，如：“I really admire your enthusiasm. (我真佩服你的热情。)”

错句93

I doubt he is the murderer.

I suspect he is the murderer.

我怀疑他是凶手。

解析 suspect和doubt都表示“怀疑”，但含义却不同：前者的意思是，觉得某个情况(尤其是坏的)可能是事实；后者的意思是，认为某个情况未必可能。错句可改写为：“I don't think he is the murderer.”

错句94

Last weekend I went to New York and lived in a friend's house.

Last weekend I went to New York and stayed in a friend's house.

上周末我去了纽约，住在朋友的一所房子里。

解析 表示“短时间逗留”时须用动词stay。

错句95

They decided to abolish the contract.

They decided to cancel the contract.

他们决定取消这份合同。

解析 abolish指“废止，废除(法律、制度、习俗等)”，cancel指“取消(航班、行程、比赛、订购、合同等)”。

错句96

Can you introduce a good dentist to me?

Can you recommend a good dentist to me?

你能不能给我介绍一位好牙医？

解析 introduce表示介绍人与人相识，或介绍某个情况，如：“Can I introduce myself? I am Mary.(让我来自我介绍一下吧，我叫玛丽。)”如正确句子所示，recommend表示推荐某人或物。

错句97

Our company has built a new system for dealing with complaints.

Our company has established a new system for dealing with complaints.

我们公司建立了一个新的处理投诉的系统。

解析 build的宾语多为有形的东西，而establish的宾语多为抽象的。

错句98

The hijackers threatened to explode the plane.

The hijackers threatened to blow up the plane.

劫机者威胁要炸掉飞机。

解析 blow up为及物动词，指人炸毁某物；explode为不及物动词，指某物爆炸。

错句99

We had to line up for an hour for the tickets.

We had to queue up for an hour for the tickets.

我们只得排一个小时的队买票。

解析 queue up指“排队等候”，而line up指“列队，排成一行”。

（2）拼写相似的动词的误用

错句100

I ensure/insure you I shall be there on time.

I assure you I shall be there on time.

我向你保证我将准时到那儿。

解析 ensure/insure的意思是“确保，保证”，如：“The book ensured his success.(这本书确保了他的成功。)”“Please ensure that all lights are switched off. (请务必将所有的灯都关掉。)”assure的意思是“向……保证，使确信”。

错句101

The month which proceeds June is, of course, May.

The month which precedes June is, of course, May.

六月前面的那个月当然是五月。

解析 proceed的意思是“着手，继续进行，前进”，precede的意思是“位于……之前；先于……发生”。

错句102

He got down on his knees and began to prey.

He got down on his knees and began to pray.

他跪下来，开始祈祷。

解析 prey的意思是“捕食”。

错句103

We have tried our best to affect a reconciliation between the two parties.

We have tried our best to effect a reconciliation between the two parties.

我们已经尽了最大努力，以促成双方的和解。

解析 affect作“影响”解，effect作“实现，完成”解。

错句104

His persistence was awarded when the car finally started.

His persistence was rewarded when the car finally started.

汽车终于启动了，那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。

解析 reward作“报答，酬谢”解，award作“给予，授予”解。

错句105

They blushed the drugs down the toilet.

They flushed the drugs down the toilet.

他们用马桶冲走了毒品。

解析 blush和flush都可以作“脸红”解，如：“The boy blushed/flushed with shame.(男孩羞愧得脸红了。)”但是，如正确句子所示，后者还作“冲洗，冲走”解。

错句106

His company tended to pay for the damage.

His company intended to pay for the damage.

他的公司打算赔偿损失。

解析 intend作“打算，计划”解，tend的意思是“往往会，趋于”，如：“Women tend to live longer than men.(女人往往比男人长寿。)”

错句107

Be aware of the dog! It might bite.

Beware of the dog! It might bite.

当心那只狗！它会咬人。

解析 be aware of的意思是“知道，意识到，明白”，如：“He is well aware of the problem.(他很清楚这个问题。)”beware of的意思是“小心，当心，提防”。

错句108

Nick left the ball when the clock stroke eleven.

Nick left the ball when the clock struck eleven.

尼克在时钟敲过11点的时候离开了舞会。

解析 作“(时钟)敲，鸣”解的动词strike的过去式为struck；错句中的stroke不是动词的过去式。作为动词原形，stroke作“轻抚，抚摸”解，如：“Can I stroke your dog? (我可以摸摸你的狗吗？)”

错句109

The old couple decided to adapt a boy though they had three children of their own.

The old couple decided to adopt a boy though they had three children of their own.

这对老夫妻决定收养一个男孩，虽然他们有三个孩子。

解析 adopt作“收养，采取”解，adapt作“适应，改写”解，如：“He soon adapted to new environment.(他很快适应了新环境。)”

错句110

The importance of his remark has been amplified.

The importance of his remark has been magnified.

他的话的重要性被夸大了。

解析 amplify和magnify都有“放大，增大”的意思，但前者没有“夸大”的意思。

错句111

The police deducted that the murder had been committed by a woman.

The police deduced that the murder had been committed by a woman.

警方推断这宗谋杀案是一名妇女所为。

解析 deduct作“减去，除去”解，deduce作“推测，推论”解。

错句112

Did it happen to you that he might be late?

Did it occur to you that he might be late?

你当时没想到他会迟到吗？

解析 如正确句子所示，occur to的意思是“被想到，被想起”，而happen to的意思是“发生在……身上”，如：“I wonder whatever has happened to him.(我不知道他到底出了什么事。)”