摘要

2012年，党的十八大首次提出建设“美丽中国”的理念，受到各行各业的积极响应，并成为国家建设的重要内容。旅游业是展示“美丽中国”的平台，也是建设“美丽中国”的轴心产业。2013年，国家旅游局首次尝试推出“美丽中国之旅”活动；2014年，确定主题为“美丽中国之旅——2014智慧旅游年”; 2015年，主题定位为“美丽中国——2015丝绸之路旅游年”。

2011年，我国城乡居民出游率超过150%，这一进程的不断推进，使旅游内化为居民生活的刚性需求，促进了旅游业的迅猛增长。城市作为国内旅游的目的地、客源地、中转地，已撑起整个现代旅游的空间骨架。

宜游城市是旅游业与城市同轨发展、深度融合的产物，与“美丽中国”建设耦合。大美陕西是“美丽中国”建设的有机组成部分，本书依据生态文明、城市品牌、旅游美学等理论，遵循“理论架构—构建指标—定量测度—建设路径”的思路，运用理论分析与定量计算相结合的方法，框定大美陕西与宜游城市之间的内在逻辑，构建宜游指标体系，进行分区域、单城市综合测度，以结果定位区域、城市形象，提升建设路径。主要结论如下：

（1）界定一个概念：宜游城市。在“美丽中国”的理念下，宜游城市是指建立在宜居基础上，具有独特吸引力且能较好满足旅游者需求的城市，与行政上市以及市辖县（区）的范围相对应，从中观层面界定城市旅游的空间范围。

（2）探讨一个关系：大美陕西与宜游城市。“美丽中国”理念提出后，受到理论界与业界重视，成为治国理念与理论研究、产业发展的耦合。城市是接纳游客的重要场所，是“美丽中国”建设的主阵地。大美陕西是“美丽中国”的有机组成部分，宜游城市是大美陕西的核心，建设好宜游城市就能凸显出大美陕西的“亮点”。

（3）构建一套指标并进行测评：运用演绎法，辨析文献，通过界定宜游城市的概念，在厘清内涵、外延及特征的基础上，从彰显正能量、削减负能量两个层面，构建包括7个维度、19个评价因素、64个指标的宜游城市测评体系，并对陕西十地市进行宜游城市测评。结果显示：①旅游吸引力方面：南北低、中间极高；交通可达性方面：南低、中高、北次高；旅游信息、设施与服务能力方面：中北高、南低；旅游业绩方面：中部高、南北低、南比北高；环境适宜性方面：北低、南高；社会包容性方面：中间高、南北低；经济生活性方面：两头低、中间高。②前四个因素综合结果呈优、差搭配四种组合，后三个因素综合结果呈优优与差差组合分化。③对单个城市进行SWOT分析并以雷达图直观呈现宜游性；将陕西十地市聚类分为3类、4类，通过两者对比，分为4类较为合理，与研究假设吻合；检验综合结果与各评价综合层之间的相关性，结果显示各因素之间关系显著。

（4）提出建设路径：综合评价结果，着眼于宏观战略与形象塑造，提出提升路径，将陕西比作“大鹏”，提出旅游腾飞战略，分区域与城市形象定位实现建设构想。①分区域。关中地区：核心主轴——鹏之躯干；陕北地区：黄土风情——鹏之北翼；陕南地区：山水秦岭——鹏之南翼。②分城市。西安：千年帝都、丝路起点；宝鸡：炎帝故里、垂名青铜；咸阳：秦都咸阳、帝陵之乡；渭南：“渭”峨华夏、险峻华山；铜川：药王仙山、独树一果；延安：革命圣地、寻根之城；榆林：锦绣榆林、绿色沙旅；汉中：三国属蜀、颐养福地；安康：“硒”世“镇”宝、安乐康泰；商洛：商山洛水、峡谷体验。对区域和单个城市的建设要素排序，进行建设探讨，引导陕西建成全国地位重要、区域优势突出、城市布局合理、适宜游客旅游的综合型、多功能城市活动圈。

本书的主要创新点有：

（1）旅游视角下的“美丽中国”探究，旅游业（学）是一个发现美、鉴赏美、建设美的产业，与“美丽中国”建设有着千丝万缕的联系。基于此，分别从四个维度进行研究：因何而美——从旅游资源的视角出发探讨美的成因、机制；到底多美——从旅游美学的视角进行美的评价、比较；美有何用——从旅游经济学、伦理学视角分析美的效用、价值；如何更美——从旅游管理的视角思考美的建设、形象定位等。试图以此建立“美丽中国”旅游研究的理论框架。

（2）在“美丽中国”的理念下，注重城市建设与旅游业发展的有机融合，循着城市发展历史脉络——城→市→城市→宜居城市→宜游城市，进行理论分析，辨识城市功能的变化，对比宜居与宜游，提炼宜游城市的概念，廓清内涵、外延、特征及地域空间范围。

（3）基于宜游城市概念、内涵、外延、特征及地域空间范围，经过“述评→借鉴→考量→重生”四个阶段，构建相对合理的宜游城市指标体系，包括7个评价维度、19个评价因素、64个评价指标；综合专家意见，运用层次分析法确立各指标的权重。

关键词：宜游城市；指标体系；提升路径；大美陕西

Abstract

In 2012,the 18th CPC National Congress first proposed the construction of“Beautiful China”concept which got the positive response of the industries and became an important part of the national construction.Tourism is a platform to display the Beautiful China,but also an axis industry to the construction of Beautiful China.In 2013,the National Tourism Bureau launched the“Beautiful China Tour”.The year of 2014 was confirmed as“Beautiful China Trip-2014 Years of Wisdom Tourism”; In 2015,it was further positioned as the“Beautiful China-Silk Road Tourism”.

In 2011,the travel rate of China's urban and rural residents had been more than 150%.The tourism has internalized as the rigid demand for residents,and promoted the rapid growth of tourism industry.As the destination of domestic tourism,tourist's origin and transit points,cities have supported the entire modern tourism space frame.

The appropriate tourism city is the product of the development of tourism and city,and it is historically accompanied with the construction of“Beautiful China”.As an organic part of the construction of“Beautiful China”in Shaanxi,the great beauty of Shaanxi is a sample of“Beautiful China”and the appropriate tourism city construction.According to the theory of ecological civilization,urban brand,tourism aesthetics,urban tourism,the theory of“theoretical framework,constructing index,quantitative measure and construction path”,this paper used the combination of qualitative research and quantitative analysis,the frame of the box,the inner logic and the construction of the Shaanxi and the appropriate tourism city,the integrated measures of regional and city,and the route of the appropriate tourism city.The main conclusions are as follows：

（1）Defining a concept: appropriate tourism city.Under the idea of“Beautiful China”,the concept of the appropriate tourism city should be built on the basis of the livable,with a unique appeal and can better meet the needs of tourists in the city circle.It should be corresponding with the administrative county（District）and should form a middle range of tourism city.

（2）Exploring a relationship: the great beauty of Shaanxi and the appropriate tourism city.After“Beautiful China”is put forward,the theory circle and the industry pay attention to,and become the coupling of the theory and theory research and industry development.City is an important place for tourists,as the main position of“Beautiful China”.Great Beautiful Shaanxi is an organic part of the“Beautiful China”,the city is the core of the great beauty of Shaanxi,the construction of Shaanxi's“bright spot”.

（3）Building a set of indicators and making an evaluation: this paper sets an evaluation system with 7 dimensions,19 evaluation factors and 64 indicators from the two aspects of revealing positive energy and reducing negative energy.This is all based on clarifying the connotation,extension and characteristics of the concept of appropriate tourism city by using the deductive method and analyzing the literature.The results showed that:①Tourism attraction: it's low in the north and south and totally high in the Middle part;Traffic accessibility: it's low in the south and high in the north and higher in the middle; Tourist information,facilities and service capabilities: it's high in the north and middle,low in the south;Tourism performance:it's high in the middle and low in the north and south,but it's higher in the south than in the north; Environment suitability: it's low in the north and high in thesouth; Social inclusion: it's high in the middle and low in the north andsouth;Economic life:it's high in the middle and low in the north and south.②The first four factors results show the combinations of excellent and poor match,the latter three results show the combinations of excellent plus excellent and poor plus poor with the differentiation.③The SWOT analysis and radar chart on each single city can show the tourism suitability.If the ten cities of Shaanxi are divided into 3 categories or 4 categories,the result showed that 4 categories would be reasonable.The correlation between the results and the comprehensive evaluationshowed that the relationship among the factors was significant.

（4）Putting forward the construction path: after summarizing the evaluation results,this paper defined Shaanxi as a Garuda and put forward the tourism boomstrategy.It tried to realize the construction ideas from different regionswith cities' image orientation.Areas: Guanzhong Area: the core trunk—the Garuda's body; Northern Shaanxi: loess style—the Garuda's north wing; Southern Shaanxi: Qinling Mountains—the Garuda's south wing; The cities: Xi'an: Millennium Royal Park,the starting point of the Silk Road,Baoji: the hometown of Yan Di,a famous bronze city,Xianyang: Qin Dynasty's Capital,the township of the emperor's mausoleum.Weinan: in the south of Weihe River,Beautiful Huashan Mountain,Tongchuan: Yaowang Mountain,unique fruit,Yan'an: the root of the sacred place of the revolution,Yulin:beautiful Yulin,green sand trip,Hanzhong:good place for living,the old city of Shu Kingdom,Ankang: Selenium and peaceful place,Shangluo:Shang Mountain and Luo River,and canyon.This paper suggests that it should rank the elements of construction of the regions and cities and explore the construction path.Then Shaanxi could build a multi-functional tourist city circle with important status,regional advantages,reasonable layout,and tourism suitability.

The main innovation points of this paper are：

（1）Researching the“Beautiful China”from the perspective of tourism.Tourism（subject）is an industry of finding beauty,appreciating beauty and constructing beauty,and is inextricably linked with“Beautiful China”construction.Based on this,the author puts forward from four perspectives: why the beauty—from the perspective of tourism resources of explore the beauty of the causes,mechanisms; How the beauty— from the perspective of aesthetics of tourism for the evaluation of beauty.Beauty is what—from tourism economics and ethics perspective analysis of the beauty of utility,value; How to be more beautiful—from the perspective of tourism management thinking construction of beauty,image positioning.It is trying to establish the framework of tourism research of“Beautiful China”.

（2）The organic fusion of the urban construction and the development of tourism is emphasized under the concept of“Beautiful China”.Following the historical linear,from town to market,to city,to residence-oriented city,to tourism-oriented city of urban development,the change of the city functions is identified according to theoretical analysis.The concept of tourism-oriented city is refined.Meanwhile,the connotation,denotation,characteristics and geographic space are clearly defined.

（3）Based on the concept,connotation,extension,characteristics and geographic space of the appropriate tourism city and the four stages of“commentary→reference→considerations→rebirth”,the relatively reasonable index system is constructed,which consists of 7 evaluation layers,19 evaluation factors and 64 evaluation divisors.It synthesizes the experts'suggestions and sets each index's weights by hierarchy analyzing.

Key Words:Appropriate Tourism City; Index System; Improvement Path; Great Beauty of Shanxi