2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）

英语

I 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 　1　 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live—if he or she is 　2　 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 　3　 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 　4　 die.

Even though we can't live forever, we are living a 　5　 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span （寿命）was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!

When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 　6　 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental 　7　 until after age 75.

People are living longer because more people 　8　 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 　9　 . Now that the chances of dying 　10　 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.

On the whole, our population is getting older. The 　11　 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 　12　 , not disaster. Today, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in 　13　 if not in age.

As our society grows old, we need the 　14　 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 　15　 active and be devoted.

1. A. discovered　B. selected　C. improved　D. designed

2. A. extremely　B. generally　C. apparently　D. completely

3. A. rapidly　B. harmlessly　C. endlessly　D. separately

4. A. desperately　B. hopelessly　C. automatically　D. eventually

5. A. busier　B. longer　C. richer　D. happier

6. A. finishing　B. waiting　C. guiding　D. dividing

7. A. stress　B. damage　C. decline　D. failure

8. A. enjoy　B. survive　C. remember　D. value

9. A. diseases　B. fears　C. worries　D. problems

10. A. poor　B. young　C. sick　D. quiet

11. A. changes　B. recovery　C. safety　D. increases

12. A. dreams　B. chances　C. choices　D. strengths

13. A. mind　B. appearance　C. voice　D. movement

14. A. protection　B. suggestion　C. permission　D. contributions

15. A. sound　B. appear　C. stay　D. turn

第二节 语法填空（共10题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16~25的相应位置上。

Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 　16　 farm, which looked almost abandoned. 　17　 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 　18　 other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 　19　 (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass 　20　 it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she 　21　 (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living 　22　 the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees 　23　 (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market 　24　 people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to 　25　 that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.

Ⅱ 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, “Oh, look, the game box hasn't even been opened yet. That might be worth some money.”

Peter examined the box and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastiC. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.

“You should put that up for auction （拍卖）on the Internet, and see what happens.” the salesgirl said.

“Yes, you're right. People like something rare,” Peter agreed. “I can't imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.”

“Don't forget to tell me if you sell it,” the salesgirl smiled.

“No problem,” Peter said.

After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But he couldn't find it. Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them, telling them what he had.

Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop.

“Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?”

The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi!”

“I've got something for you,” Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $100 bills.

“Wow!” the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you. I never expected it.”

26. Which of the following best describes Peter's word game?

A. It was made around 40 years ago.

B. It had game boards in different sizes.

C. It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal.

D. It had little pieces of wood in different colors.

27. What did the salesgirl probably think of Peter's word game?

A. Old and handy.

B. Rare and valuable.

C. Classic and attractive.

D. Colorful and interesting.

28. Peter got the names of the game fans from ______.

A. an auction

B. a game shop

C. the Internet

D. the second-hand shop

29. What happened at the end of the story?

A. The salesgirl became Peter's friend.

B. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.

C. Peter returned the word game for $1,000.

D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again.

30. What is the main theme of the story?

A. It's important to keep a promise.

B. It's great to share in other people's happiness.

C. We should be grateful for the help from others.

D. Something rare is worth a large amount of money.

B

When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn't very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn't catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish.” I remember being even more upset then because, “I'm not a fish!” I didn't know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?

As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don't have any eyelids （眼皮）and the sun hurts their eyes.... The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.

When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like salespeople.” But it didn't completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.

31. Why was the author upset in the fishing trips when he was nine?

A. He could not catch a fish.

B. His father did not teach him fishing.

C. His father was not patient with him.

D. He could not influence a fish as his father did.

32. What did the author's father really mean?

A. To read about fish.

B. To learn fishing by oneself.

C. To understand what fish think.

D. To study fishing in many ways.

33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found ______.

A. in deep water on cloudy days

B. in deep water on sunny days

C. in shallow water under sunlight

D. in shallow water under waterside trees

34. After entering the business world, the author found ______.

A. it easy to think like a customer

B. his father's fishing advice inspiring

C. his first boss's sales ideas reasonable

D. it difficult to sell services to poor people

35. This passage most likely comes from ______.

A. a fishing guide

B. a novel on childhood

C. a popular sales book

D. a millionaire's biography

C

Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it's important to distinguish television's influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn't really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children's minds.

One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child's ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images （影像）. Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.

Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesn't take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents' educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading. “A child's reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads,” Anderson says.

Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ （智商）scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it's the other way around. “If you're smart young, you'll watch less TV when you're older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.

For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.

36. By watching TV, children learn ______.

A. images through words

B. more than explicit meanings

C. more about images than words

D. little about people's psychology

37. An educational program is best watched by a child ______.

A. on his own

B. with other kids

C. with his parents

D. with his teachers

38. Which of the following is most related to children's reading ability?

A. Radio-listening.

B. Television-watching.

C. Parents' reading list.

D. Parents' educational background.

39. Anderson believes that ______.

A. the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TV

B. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school

C. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he is

D. the younger a child is, the more he watches TV

40. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To advise on the educational use of TV.

B. To describe TV's harmful effects on children.

C. To explain traditional views on TV influences.

D. To present Anderson's unconventional ideas.

D

It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.

In recent years, many writers have begun to speak of the “decline of class” and “classless society” in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.

But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.

One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded “educated” and “soft”. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional （地区的）city accents. These accents were seen as “common” and “ugly”. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.

In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song ‘Common People' puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may “want to live like common people” they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.

41. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ______.

A. it is time to end class distinction

B. most people belong to middle class

C. it is easy to recognize a person's class

D. people regard themselves socially different

42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. variety　

B. authority

C. division

D. qualification

43. The study in the US showed that BBC English was regarded as ______.

A. regional

B. educated

C. prejudiced

D. unattractive

44. British attitudes towards accent ______.

A. have a long tradition　

B. are based on regional status

C. have changed in recent years

D. are shared by the Americans

45. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The middle class is expanding.

B. Class is a key part of British society.

C. A person's accent reflects his class.

D. Each class has unique characteristics.

第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息，请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

首先请阅读下列活动介绍：

请根据以下人物介绍选择他们可能参加的活动：

46. Edward Leonardo Norton, connoisseur of Chinese and Japanese antiques. He has a strong interest in classical Chinese literary works. He even starts going to evening classes to learn classical Chinese at Columbia University.

47. Daphne Sui-yuan Tan, former director of National Association of Photographers. After reading some history books on how the first group of Chinese immigrants survived in America of the 19th century, she has become keen on her own family history and that of others.

48. Sharon Collins, pop singer and amateur photographer. Her marriage with a serious music critic has drawn her to his world, so she is now crazy about classical music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert with her husband.

49. Michelle Higgins, eminent photographer and columnist for quite a few internationally-known travel magazines. Recently, she has shown great interest in photo exhibits which feature young artists with Islamic or Chinese background.

50. Caroline Hugo, famous writer and influential movie critiC. Last year her fantasy story which involved the mysterious Forbidden City received critical acclaim. Now she is conceiving a romance that has Shanghai of the 1930s as the setting.

III 写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节 基础习作（共1小题；满分15分）

你接受了一项写作任务，为英语校报写一篇科技报道。

【写作内容】

请根据以下信息，介绍国外医疗行业出现的一项新技术，内容包括：

*唾液样本：saliva sample

【写作要求】

只能用5个句子表达全部内容。

【评分标准】

句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。

第二节 读写任务（共1小题；满分25分）

阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. Six teachers had quit before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in the far corner, yet the rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about; paper, food packages and other garbage were littered around .... Just when she was about to speak, a student rushed in and pushed her aside! He was twenty minutes late!

Sally walked onto the platform, picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family!” All students stopped to look at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3 .... In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them on the walls of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.

Surprisingly, Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; instead, she won respect from the students. Over the year, she witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just as she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and confidence.

【写作内容】

1. 用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

2. 用约120个词就班规谈谈你的看法，内容包括：

（1）你们班最突出的问题是什么？

（2）针对该问题你会设计一条什么班规？

（3）你认为该班规会带来什么影响？

【写作要求】

　1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句子。

　2. 作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】

　概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。