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When it came to design, Steve Jobs lived Apple's "Think Different" mantra. Many major corporations use design to benefit their bottom lines, but Apple's entire ethos was design. And it was hardwired in Jobs. Even when he was heading NeXT, the educational-computer company he founded, product and graphic design drove his strategy. He went so far as to get special dispensation from IBM to commission the NeXT logo from Paul Rand, designer of the IBM, ABC, and Westinghouse logos. When Jobs returned to Apple, he took its design to new levels, profoundly influencing the look of 21st-century computer technology.

Apple products became designers' best friends, forever altering the practice of everything from graphic design to architecture by placing production power in the hands of creators. Jobs realized that creative people were not simply his primary customers, they were the willing propagandists of the brand. He so keenly understood his end users, and treated them with respect, that they went forth and exponentially multiplied.

Jobs integrated a range of designers into all aspects of the company—from hardware to software, from product to package, from corporate identity to advertising. He found roles for graphic, industrial, interior, and user-experience designers. Jobs never slavishly reacted to the market's fickle whims or wants; he accepted that his role was to educate people to the potential of personal technology and enhance their appreciation of design. He used design to alter behavior and consequently altered his users' behavior through innovative design. Unlike many other tech companies, design was the engine in Jobs's world. Designers were not injected as foreign organisms into the middle or end of the conceptual and engineering process, after the engineers and marketers did the meaningful work.

Jobs was an equal-opportunity design patron. He never distinguished, as many brand companies do, between high and low design for high-end and low-end markets. One brand fit all. Apple did not hide a discount sub-brand behind tasteless graphics—although fair discounts offered to educators and some professions were routinely available. Every customer got the same logo, package, and product. Design was not used to mask shoddy goods or inflate prices. Jobs's sense of quality was legend. He instilled his designers with extra pride. Likewise it was expected that every Apple customer would experience pride of ownership. From the boxes in which adapters and earbuds were sold to the look of the apps that are now so ubiquitous, the end user expected the best, the clearest, the cleanest.

And what about those Apple stores? Part museum, part retail mall—with great shopping bags, too. Rarely has design been so valued by a corporate CEO, and rarely is design's value so inextricably tied to the reputation of a corporation. Jobs was a holistic designer—everything, everywhere, was designed well. And that is the essence of thinking different.

16. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that Steve Jobs______.

[A] used design to make profits

[B] infused NeXT with the concept of design

[C] convinced Paul Rand to join his company

[D] designed Apple's products in person

17. Jobs' s attitude towards creative customers is______.

[A] apprehensive

[B] indifferent

[C] respectful

[D] grateful

18. According to Paragraph 3, Jobs's concept of design______.

[A] was always catering for the favors of the public

[B] aimed to cultivate customers' potential of graphic design

[C] was embodied in every aspect of his company

[D] had largely affected users' buying intentions

19. Which of the following is true of Jobs's equal-opportunity design?

[A] Every Apple user can own the products of the same level.

[B] Apple designed sub-brand products for some users.

[C] Its aim is to lift the overall prices of Apple products.

[D] Apple provides every customer with the best product.

20. Which of the following is the text mainly about?

[A] Steve Jobs treated every customer as equal.

[B] The creative design concept of Jobs has changed our world.

[C] Apple product is one of the best commodities nowadays.

[D] How Jobs developed his concept of design.